Māori used the moon (marama) and the stars (whetū) as a form of timekeeping, which led to the creation of Maramataka, a calendar based on the lunar month, rather than the solar year which is used in the Gregorian calendar.
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A lunar month begins with the new moon (Whiro) and continues through approximately 30 days of changing phases until the moon is new again. The nights in a lunar month are divided into three categories: the excellent aspect (nights that are good for planting, fishing, etc.), the neutral aspect, and the evil aspect (nights that are considered unfavourable for most activities).
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Each iwi (tribe) has its own version of Maramataka, with slightly different names for the days and phases of the moon, and different interpretations of what activities are best to undertake on each day. However, despite these variations, all versions serve a similar purpose: to guide daily life and activities in harmony with the cycles of nature.
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Understanding and following the Maramataka allows individuals to live in tune with natural rhythms, influencing everything from agriculture to fishing, to personal well-being. It is a significant part of Māori cultural heritage, representing an intricate knowledge of astronomy, ecology, and the environment.
We as Māori use the marama🌙 (moon) and whetū🌟(stars) as a form of time keeping 🗓️ which we call the Maramataka. Unlike the Gregorian calendar which uses the sun ☀️, ours is based on lunar months 🌑.
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A new lunar month kicked off with a new moon which we call Whiro, this lasts about 30 days until another new moon. Each iwi has a unique spin on the Maramataka, changing the names of the days and moon phases 🌒🌓🌔, and even what tasks are best on each day. But they all had one thing in common: they used it as a guide for daily life, all synced up with nature's cycles 🍃🌊, helping Māori to live in harmony with nature's natural rhythms 🎵.
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The maramataka influences everything, from farming 🌾, to fishing 🎣, to how we feel 😌. As such, it is a big part of Māori culture and heritage, showing our deep understanding of the taiao 🌏(environment).
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